I've created a blog post about critical thinking and how to understand and apply it. Click on the link to view the information.
I have also made the UX design process step templates to exercise critical thinking. These templates are based on my prior design work and UX design experiences.
A systematic approach to problem-solving and decision-making is a component of critical thinking. These templates can be customized to serve as frameworks for your critical thinking process if you're new to UX design.
You can enter the data/information into the template below and ask yourself these questions to determine the best strategy in the design process: